Methods of data representation

There are several methods of data representation in statistics help used for represent the data in a specified manner also known as the data display. Data representation methods is arrangement of data that is provide the visualization of the data in tabulated form or in form of graphs or charts or maps or diagrams . Also improve your knowledge solving Data Set Example.
We can elaborate some basic needs for data representation:
(1) : difficulties in understanding the descriptive data that is not very easily draw for the results.
(2) : for making or drawing the visual impression of the data that is provide the more ease .
(3) : Helps in doing comparison between data very easily .
(4) : Characteristics representation can be done in a simplified way .
1.
5. : Representation makes process easy for some types of patterns that are as population growth, distribution and density or age – sex composition etc.
So there are some Data representation methods as follows:
(a) data will be represented in the tabular form means all the data is maintained in the tables that will help in understand the data with all its attribute that are also known as the properties of the data .
(b) For representing the data there one more technique that is known as graphs and one of these are pie charts that will provide the way for understanding that how data is changed in the particular environment that is depends on some other variable for specific experiment .
(c) There is one another type of representation of data that is drawing some charts.
(d) The graphs that is used in data representation have categorize in some types that are define as line graph or histogram or bar graph or pyramids etc.

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Permutations and combinations

In every area we use Permutations and combinations which are the part of Algebra 2, but generally the permutations and combinations are use in mathematics filed. They are the fundamental principles of counting. The main difference between the permutations and combinations according to board of secondary education Andhra Pradesh is, when the orders means a lot then it is said to be permutations and if the order means nothing then it is said to be combinations. Just take examples for both: -
A permutation is also an ordered combination. Permutations are of two types: -
-Repetition is allowed.
-No repetition.
Example of Permutations: - If the 893 is the password combination of any id then it cannot be 398. Because to apply the 398 we cannot open the id, to open the id we have to insert the 8-9-3 in exact order. In this order matters alot.
Combination is also two types: -
-Repetition is allowed.
-No repetition
Example of Combination:- If I am saying that my vegetable salad is a combination of onions, tomatoes and chilies, then the order means nothing to us, we do not take care the order, either they could be in order like onions, tomatoes and chilies or chilies, tomatoes and onions. It will be same vegetarian salad. No matters what is the order.
Permutations and combinations formula,
Permutations formula for repetition: -n ^r.
Permutations formula without repetition: - n ! / (n –r) !,
Combination formula for repetition : - (n + r – 1) / r = (n + r – 1) ! / r ! (n – 1) !,
Permutations formula without repetition: - n ! / r ! (n – r) ! = (n / r),
By applying the above formulas we can solve the any type of permutations and combination problems.


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Permutations and combinations

Hi friends, we are discussing the topic Permutations and combinations of ssc board Andhra Pradesh in this blog. The combinations and permutations are part of algebra which is part of Discrete math.  In combination the order of things is not important, example: the fruit salad is combination of papaya, mango, grapes, apple we do not care what order of fruits is in.
The combination is two types: 1) repetition 2) not repetition.
Allowed the Repetition: in your pocket the number of coins can be repeated (2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 10, 10)
Repetition is not allowed: in the lottery numbers repetition is not allowed (5, 67, 45, 96, 24, 54)
Example of the combination: when we are choosing balls the possibilities of selection can be 1, 2, 3 balls.
Order does matter: 123, 132, 231, 321, 312, 213. The formula of combination is ^aC_b
            a!               (! this symbol is used for the factorial operation)
^aC_b =---------
       b!(a-b)!      
Here, a is the number of things from which we have to choose b number of things.
The formula is applied on example where we have to choose 3 out of 5 different balls:
   5!                5!             120
 ----------- = ---------  =  10 ways of combination.
  3!(5-3)!     3!*2!            12
Permutation is an order of combination in which the order does not change (visit for more information on permutation). The lock is the best example of permutation; the permutation is totally different to the combination. Permutations are basically of two types:

1.      Repetition is compulsory: the code of the lock is: 555. The repetition is allowed in this case and order does not matter.

Simple formula for repetition: a^b
Here a*a*a*.........(b times)=a^b

2.      No repetition allowed: In this we have to reduce number of available choices for each time

Example: in the pool game number of balls is fixed. One ball is used one time and no repetition is allowed for using the same ball. The formula of no repetition permutation:
            a!         (!- this symbol is used for the factorial operation)
 ^aP_b=-------
         (a-b)!
An Example of this permutation can be when we have to pick 2 out of 5 balls in all possible ways:
5!           5*4*3*2*1      120
---- – = ---------- ---- = 20 ways
(5-2)!        3*2*1          6


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Methods of data representation

There are various methods of data representation like arrangement of data in tabulated form or in form of graphs or charts or maps or diagrams .These data representation methods described in grade XI of Andhra Pradesh sample papers are dependent on the nature of the data or nature of the analysis that is based on the data or others equal to it .We can understand each information that are having the same identical structure or having the same identification number. So anyone can easily find the data or value according to these specifications. We can take an example of GIS data that is used to represent the real objects as roads, trees, houses etc.
So data representation is a technique of capturing the raw data change them into the useful information and then represent them into the pictorial form or in tabular form. There are several methods like image processing , Global positioning system all are based on the various type of data representation .The main motive behind presenting the data is to understand the available data and deriving the meaning and also extract the useful in conclusion .The representation of data can be done in many ways like :
Statistical tables            
or by rank order
or by frequency order .
These forms are useful in statistical analysis of the data .Initially all the data collect in scattered form but later it organize and change into the numerical facts. (Improve your skills by playing data analysis worksheets)
Statistical tables: Data will arrange into the form of rows and columns. These tables are used to collect the raw data and also the percentage or mean or median and so on.

Rank Order: Data is present in ascending and descending order .On the basis of rank or position order will be exhibit .as an example
S.NO. Scores S.NO. Scores
1 20 3 18
2 19 4 14

Frequency Distribution: Sometimes Rank order not much useful to summarize the series of raw data and also not describe about the frequency so in that case frequency table is used and range can also be described in it.


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